Particles deformed and missing on mobile build

I'm having issues with my particle systems in-game. This problem only occurs in the Android build on mobile devices, particles look fine in the Editor and the PC build. Upon loading the scene, the particles from a given system will often appear blurry, stretched, squashed, or missing altogether. It is completely inconsistent. If I exit out of the scene and reload, they will have a different appearance. They might look fine, or they may be squashed in a different way or missing altogether. I can't find anything on this issue. It seems to happen more often on older phones, so I'm inclined to think it has something to do with device performance. How can I verify this?
I've tried adjusting relevant settings in the particle renderer, updated the shader and material, tried Billboard, Vertical Billboard, different Render Alignments, etc. with no luck. What's throwing me off is the inconsistency in appearance in the same build. Does anyone know what it might be?