How to distinguish between multiple components of same type

I've got 2 Audio Sources connected to my main camera, one for music and one for the only sfx in my simple game which is called "Blop".

When I create the object that is going to trigger the sound effect I get a reference to the correct Audio Source from the camera thus:

 public class MyClass : MonoBehaviour {
 
     private AudioSource source;
     
     // Use this for initialization    
     void Start () {
         foreach (AudioSource aSource in Camera.main.GetComponents<AudioSource>())
         {
             if(aSource.clip.name.Equals("Blop")){
                 source = aSource;
                 break;
             }
         }
     }

I can't guarantee it's the best way as I am just cutting my teeth with Unity but it is simple and sometimes that's all you need.

You can also do it the Unity's drag&drop way :D

If you have a script of your character just add two public variables of type HingeJoint. Now you can drag-drop the two joints onto those variables.

I'm not a fan of that way. Under some circumstances Unity can loose those references so i usually aviod too complex inspector-reference-setups. But for such small things it should be no problem.

You can define variables for a specific type of component that you later wish to refer to. In my case I defined FixedJoint variables:

 var newFixedJoint1 : FixedJoint;
 var newFixedJoint2 : FixedJoint;

Then I used these variables to define FixedJoints that I added to myGameObject:

 newFixedJoint1 = myGameObject.AddComponent(FixedJoint);
 newFixedJoint2 = myGameObject.AddComponent(FixedJoint);

And then later I was able to refer to those FixedJoint components separately like this:

 newFixedJoint1.connectedBody = someGameObject.rigidbody;
 newFixedJoint2.connectedBody = someOtherGameObject.rigidbody;

That's JavaScript but you can use this method as a solution I think.

You can distinguish between multiple components by using GetComponents.

 HingeJoint[] hingeJoints;
 
 void Awake()
 {
     hingeJoints = GetComponents<HingeJoint>();
 }

They will be placed in order from top-to-bottom. If the first hinge joint is the left arm you'll use hingeJoints[0] and hingeJoint[1] for the right arm.

Alternatively, you can reference them for easier access, like so:

 HingeJoint[] hingeJoints;
 HingeJoint leftArm;
 HingeJoint rightArm;
 
 void Awake()
 {
     hingeJoints = GetComponents<HingeJoint>();
     leftArm     = hingeJoint[0];
     rightArm    = hingeJoint[1];
 }