Trying to track the BoxColliders of 2 Different Sets of Instantiated GameObjects

Basically I have dynamically spawning (instantiated) "enemies" that will each have their own BoxCollider2D's. I also have instantiated projectiles coming from my player with their own unique BoxCollider2D's as well. I have been trying to think of a way to dynamically track these colliders, since they have no unique properties to track individually. Is it possible to group them, but still have access to an individual collider? For example: "if a collider from the group of projectile boxcolliders touches a collider from the group of enemy colliders, damage that specific enemy". I am still learning the in's and out's of Unity Engine, so I may just be overlooking a tool they already provided. Can someone please give me insight on how to accomplish this, or at least where to start? Thanks! (Also if this code has a horrible flaw, please point it out so I can fix my mistake)

Here is my code for the projectile (animations are handled in another script):

 public class Projectile : MonoBehaviour {
 
     public GameObject projectilePrefab;
     public float speed = 0f;
     private Rigidbody2D playerRigid;
     private Rigidbody2D cloneRigid;
     private GameObject clone;
     private MovementScript playerMove;
     private Animator animate;
     private Vector2 projectileSpeed;
     private bool shot = false;
 
     void Start () {
         playerRigid = GetComponent<Rigidbody2D>();
         playerMove = GetComponent<MovementScript>();
         animate = GetComponent<Animator>();
     }
     
     void Update () {
         //If Player is facing right, adjust projectile direction on x axis.
         if (playerMove.faceDirection) {
             projectileSpeed = new Vector2(1 * speed, 0);
         }
         //If Player is facing left, reverse projectile direction on x axis.
         else if (!playerMove.faceDirection){
             projectileSpeed = new Vector2(-1 * speed, 0);
         }
 
         //Calls the isThrowing bool from another script, which mediates cooldown time between throws.
         if (playerMove.isThrowing) {
             if (!shot) {
                 shoot();
                 shot = true;
             }
         }
         else if (!playerMove.isThrowing) {
             shot = false;
         }
     }
 
     //Instantiates the object using the projectile prefab, then rotates/scales it accordingly and projects it outwards.
     void shoot() {
         //Instantiates the projectile, and gets components of the clone to work with.
         clone = (GameObject)Instantiate(projectilePrefab, playerRigid.position, Quaternion.identity);
         cloneRigid = clone.GetComponent<Rigidbody2D>();
         Transform cloneTrans = clone.GetComponent<Transform>();
 
         //Rotates the sprite so it visually flies in the correct direction
         if (playerMove.faceDirection) {
             cloneTrans.Rotate(0, 0, 270);
         }
         else {
             cloneTrans.Rotate(0, 0, 90);
         }
         //Scales the sprite to a feasable size
         cloneTrans.localScale = new Vector3(15, 13, 1);
 
         //Applies velocity and destroy clone after 3.5 seconds
         cloneRigid.velocity = projectileSpeed;
         Destroy(clone, 3.5f);
     }
 }