Load level and transform

The main problem here is that you don't have any way of tracking data (in this case the scene your player came from) across scenes.

You need some way of holding persistent data, which won't be lost when you end the scene. There are loads of different ways you could achieve this, all with different pros and cons:

1) Save the data to a file on exiting then read it when you enter the new scene

2) Create a tagged GameObject with a data script, then call DontDestroyOnLoad() on the object and find the GameObject by tag when you enter the scene

3) Create a static object to keep track of your data (`static` objects exist throughout the lifetime on the application).

Like I said these all have pros and cons, but for your purposes a simple static object should do the trick.

---

As an example, create a new C# script for the data object:

 using UnityEngine;
 using System.Collections;
 
 public static class SceneExitData
 {
     public static string lastSceneName = ""; 
 }

Then when you exit a scene, possibly in your exit colliders' collision function, set the static data:

 SceneExitData.lastSceneName = Application.loadedLevelName;

Finally, when you enter the scene in question, your player's Awake() or Start() function can check the data you set in the last scene like so:

 switch(SceneExitData.lastSceneName)
 {
     case "OUTSIDE_SCENE":
         // set your transform to the door position
         break;
     case "ZOOMED_IN_SCENE":
         // set your transform to the desk position
         break;
     default:
         Debug.LogWarning("Unhandled scene entry, can't set position");
         break;
 }

Like I said, this isn't necessarily the best solution in all cases, but it should work for your simple case. I'd recommend reading up on static objects if you plan to use them further, there are definitely a fair few pitfalls for the unwary!