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How to get overall intensity for each Joystick Axis?
As you all know, Input.GetAxis("Horizontal")
and Input.GetAxis("Vertical")
each return a value between -1 and 1, which is great for calculating things like walk speed.
I want to get one number from both of these axes combined, between 0 and 1 that is equal to how far the joystick is being pressed in any direction. Essentially, I want a normalized number for two axes.
Mathf.Max(Input.GetAxis("Horizontal"), Input.GetAxis("Vertical"));
doesn't work, since any diagonal position will just return 0.5f, 0.5f (doesn't approach 1). Adding each axis together and dividing by two doesn't work for the same reason.
If anyone can help me with an equation that will return 1 for the Joystick pressed all the way in any direction (up/down, left/right and any diagonal), 0.5 for halfway, 0 for not-pressed, etc. I would be grateful. Thanks!
Answer by robertbu · Oct 06, 2014 at 03:30 PM
Note the axes produce values between -1 an 1, so a upper right diagonal will be (1,1) not (0.5, 0.5). You can do:
float mag = new Vector2(Input.GetAxi("Horizontal"), Input.GetAxis("Vertical")).magnitude / Mathf.Sqrt(2.0f);
But this will produce a value of 1.0/sqrt(2) (0.707) for left, right, up and down. You only get 1.0 for a full diagonal. You may want this instead:
float mag = Mathf.Clamp01(new Vector2(Input.GetAxi("Horizontal"), Input.GetAxis("Vertical")).magnitude);
This is stupid old but I thought I'd update this to reflect the fact that sqrmag is faster than mag and you'll get the same result. This is for those going for optimized code.
float mag = Mathf.Clamp01(new Vector2(Input.GetAxis("Horizontal"), Input.GetAxis("Vertical")).sqrMagnitude)
Answer by camta005 · Mar 14, 2019 at 05:41 AM
The original idea works you just need to take the absolute value of each axis:
Mathf.Max(Mathf.Abs(Input.GetAxis("Vertical")), Mathf.Abs(Input.GetAxis("Horizontal")));
This idea will sometimes kick back a number less than 1. For example, at 45 degree, full tilt will spit out 0.76.... I don't think this is the best solution if you want it to represent 1 at full tilt all the way around the axis.
Answer by ThoseGrapefruits · Oct 25, 2020 at 08:44 PM
In order to do this right, you have to normalise against the maximum possible magnitude for that angle.
If you just clamp the magnitude of the vector to [0, 1]
, then you only have to move Mathf.Sqrt(magnitude)
in any diagonal direction to get the same normalised magnitude as moving magnitude
in a horizontal or vertical direction. You run into the opposite problem if you just take the max of the 2 magnitudes, where diagonals are underrepresented instead of overrepresented.
First, the code.
Vector2 vector = new Vector2(
Input.GetAxis("Horizontal"),
Input.GetAxis("Vertical")
);
float angle = Mathf.Atan2(vector.x, vector.y);
float maxMagnitude = Mathf.Abs(vector.x) > Mathf.Abs(vector.y)
? 1 / Mathf.Sin(angle)
: 1 / Mathf.Cos(angle);
float magnitude = abs(vector.magnitude / maxMagnitude);
(The above is untested, as I was looking for a JS solution when I came across this question, and just translated it into Unity C#)
Now, the explanation.
The circle here is the unit circle, and the enclosing square encloses all possible {x,y}
values that can be given back by a joystick. The orange and pink dots are 2 example positions of the joystick, which fall into the 2 separate pink and orange tinted parts of the graph respectively. These tinted areas represent the 2 different cases that are handled by the ternary in the code above — more on that later.
The fundamental problem is that the magnitude coming out of the vector is relative to that outer square, but you want the magnitude relative to the unit circle, so that it is always in the range [0, 1]. You also want it to stay proportional no matter where the joystick is, so if the joystick's current values fall outside of the unit circle (e.g. { x: 0.9, y: 0.9 }
) the output magnitude should be almost but not quite 100%, because the user isn't actually pushing the joystick full-speed-ahead in that direction.
The solution is pretty straightforward: we take the vector's value and divide it by the maximum possible magnitude at that angle. In the diagram, the vector's value is the solid coloured line, and the maximum possible magnitude is that plus the dotted line extending all the way to the edge of the square.
Like I said before, there are 2 cases. Both are gonna use some trig to calculate the maximum possible lengths, taking advantage of the fact that we're working with right triangles.
"Case 1" (the pink case)
Looking at the diagram, we know θ1 (the angle
) and the length of the adjacent side from that corner (that pink 1
). We want to find h1, which is the maximum possible magnitude at that angle. Referring to your trigonometric ratios (or wikipedia if you're like me and forgot them all) you'll see that the cosine of an angle θ is the ratio between the adjacent side and the hypotenuse, so we can use that to calculate the length of the hypotenuse. The formula is:
cos(θ1) = adjacent / hypotenuse = 1 / h1
Solving for h1
, we get:
h1 = 1 / cos(θ1)
"Case 2" (the orange case)
The problem we're solving is exactly the same here: how long is the hypotenuse (`h2` in this case). However, the 1-length side is now opposite θ2 instead of adjacent to it (you can see this side in faint dotted orange). No problem, as sine
is the ratio between the opposite and hypotenuse.
sin(θ2) = opposite / hypotenuse = 1 / h2
again, solving for h2
this time:
h2 = 1 / sin(θ2)
So, that explains the 2 cases, but how do you differentiate between them? Simple! When the absolute value of x is larger than the absolute value of y, it falls into the first (pink) case. Otherwise, it's the second (orange) case. Again, these are visually split up with the pink and orange tinted areas on the graph. Note that it's important to use the absolute value because, although the examples were both in the positive-positive quadrant, the joystick could be in any of the 4 quadrants, so both x
and y
could be negative.
Side note: when they are equal, you could use either one and get the same result (approximately, floating point math probably will make it slightly different), as that means you are hitting one of the corners.
Hey, if you're still out there I thought I'd tell you I plugged this in and it's spitting out weird numbers. Not getting the result you explained we should see. Any idea where the math is off? I certainly have no idea as you're way over my head but I'd like to understand so if you are down to dig back into this I'd love to see how this works and get it to spit out the correct result.
Ah whoops, I tried updating this a while back but didn't realise it got blocked by a captcha. The Mathf.Sin
and Mathf.Cos
were reversed. It should be fixed now, although full disclaimer, the C# code sample has barely been tested. I was looking for a JS solution when I found this question, so that was the main language I was testing in. Give it a shot now and see if it's giving you what you want! I'm also gonna actually boot up Unity and check the C# solution.
Answer by tofurocks · May 30 at 06:15 PM
For anybody looking for a solution that works with the new Input System:
private float getMagnitude(Vector2 vector)
{
float x = Mathf.Abs(vector.x);
float y = Mathf.Abs(vector.y);
float xSq = x * x;
float ySq = y * y;
return Mathf.Sqrt(xSq + ySq);
}
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