How do I move a gameobject to the postion of the player?

I'm not sure what you were trying to achieve with the Hello Coroutine, but when the enemy dies it calls itself recursively every frame which is something you really need to be careful about. I've written a function that will let you achieve your goal of moving the enemy to the player, if you increase the speed of the Lerp, it will be a teleport. If you keep the speed low then it will just move the enemy to the player. I also added some testing variables and improved the script to what I think you were going for. I hope it is what you were asking for or you can manipulate it how you want:

 public class Enemy : MonoBehaviour {
     public float alphalevel = .3f;
     public float alphaleve = 1f;
     public int health = 40;
 
     public GameObject deathEffect;
 
     // Move or Teleport to player
     public Transform player;                // Reference to player position
     [Range(0, 2f)] public float speed;      // Move speed (0.01f  slow, 2 teleport)
     public float stoppingDistance;          // When to stop moving towards the player
 
     public bool dmg;            // TESTING
     private bool canMove;       // Stopping distance
     private bool isDead;        // Ensure death function runs once
 
     private void Update()
     {
         //testing damage on Enemy (so I could see if it worked or not)
         if (dmg)
         {
             TakeDamage(10);
             dmg = false;
         }
 
         // When both true, move to player
         if (canMove) Teleport();
     }
 
     public void TakeDamage(int damage)
     {
         // Start moving to player or teleport when damage is received
         if (canMove == false) canMove = true;
 
         health -= damage;
         if (health <= 0 && !isDead)
         {
             isDead = true;
             // Die, istantiate death effect
         }
     }
     
     void Teleport()
     {
         // Check distance to player, if already within stopping distance don't move
         if(Vector3.Distance(this.transform.position, player.position) < stoppingDistance)
         {
             canMove = false;    // Stop enemy from moving
             return;             // exit function without moving
         }
 
         // Moves Enemy from current position toward player position
         this.transform.position = Vector3.Lerp(this.transform.position, player.position, speed);
     }
 }

Is this what you are looking to do? It requires some setup. Your animator needs to have two animations, one for alive and the other for dead. Then add a parameter to the animator, a boolean, named "isDead" and make a transition between the alive and dead states with the boolean as the transition condition.

 using System.Collections;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using UnityEngine;
 
 public class TeleportToPlayerEnemy : MonoBehaviour
 {
     public float lowAlpha = .3f;
     public float highAlpha = 1f;
     public int health = 40;
 
     public GameObject deathEffect;
 
     public SpriteRenderer sRenderer;
     public BoxCollider2D bCollider;
     public Animator anim;
     
     public Transform player;        // Reference to player position
     private bool isDead;            // Ensure death function runs once
     public bool dmg;                // TESTING
 
     private void Update()
     {
         //testing damage on Enemy (so I could see if it worked or not)
         if (dmg)
         {
             TakeDamage(10);
             dmg = false;
         }
     }
 
     public void TakeDamage(int damage)
     {
         if(!isDead)
         {
             health -= damage;
             if (health <= 0)
             {
                 Debug.Log("I Died");
                 isDead = true;
                 DoStuff();
             }
         }
     }
     
     void DoStuff()
     {
         // 1. Visibility down to 30 %
         sRenderer.color = new Color(sRenderer.color.r, sRenderer.color.g, sRenderer.color.b, lowAlpha);
 
         // 2. Disable the box collider
         bCollider.enabled = false;
 
         // 3. Pause animation
         anim.SetBool("isDead", true);
 
         // 4. Teleport
         this.transform.position = player.position;
 
         // 5. Wait 2 seconds before reset
         StartCoroutine(ResetValues(2f));
     }
 
     IEnumerator ResetValues(float waitTime)
     {
         // 5 Continued. Wait x Time
         yield return new WaitForSeconds(waitTime);
         Debug.Log("Reset");
 
         // 6. Visibility normal
         sRenderer.color = new Color(sRenderer.color.r, sRenderer.color.g, sRenderer.color.b, highAlpha);
 
         // 7. Enable the box collider
         bCollider.enabled = true;
 
         // 8. Unpause animation
         anim.SetBool("isDead", false);
 
         // ONLY IF FULLY RESETTING THE ENEMY SO ALL THIS CAN RUN AGAIN
         // 9. Reset health
         health = 40;
 
         // 10. Reset dead boolean
         isDead = false;
     }
 }