Debugging compiled and built version of my application

I have created a project for the comparison of different NavMeshAgents. After extensive testing in Unity's Play View, all of which was successful, I built the application and ran it and the two most complex agents failed to work.

Namely, they reached a certain point where they were supposed to do some (somewhat complex) planning before executing it (traversing the area in a certain way). Upon reaching it, they simply stopped doing anything. All other agents worked as intended.

I have a few ideas of what could be wrong but I don't know how to check this. In the Game View I could simply print things to the console while making changes to the code, but in the build version this has 2 problems: 1) I don't know how to enable the console in the build 2) rebuilding the application every time a change to the code is made would take a long time

Is there a particular established way of debugging things in Builds?