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What's the basis behind camera system?
I'm trying to figure out the best art style for my game and got curious about the camera system. How does the camera actually generate the view you see? I can't find any information regarding this but I suspect it's some kind of GetColor(RayCast) -> AddPixelToScreen system(?) or am I totally wrong?
Also is it possible to edit what you see with scripts without altering the environment or adding interface? I'm trying to remove as much as possible from the engine to understand the system behind it and increase performance as my game isn't graphics demanding.
For your first part, camera views in game engines typically involve a bit of linear algebra and trig. The unofficial (hence no link) decompiled Camera component code seems to make heavy use of Unity's $$anonymous$$atrix4x4 class and other general projection principals.
For the second part, manipulating the view without changing the scene is usually referred to as Post-Processing. Unity has a guide on it here.