Making a process or functions high priority

I want to play certain audio clips and activate lights based on a beat. Right now I run them as invoked functions. This works fine until the scene gets complicated and the frame rate drops (the rhythm breaks). Those sounds and lights are the most important elements of the game and everything else is secondary.

Is there a way to declare these functions "High Priority" or similar so they are run no matter what, while other functions become "Low Priority" (if running this function would reduce the frame rate, skip them).

I guess this requires some sort of priority queue, which tracks all the functions and their temporal cost and just skips the functions, which are at the end.

Are there existing solutions for this? How could I implement this behavior?