Best way to generate meshes based on algebraic functions?

Hello,

I am a high school math teacher at a digital arts school. In about a week, our students are about to begin learning about functions and the game design teacher and I have brainstormed a project around writing and transforming functions and using them to design a 2D/2.5D platformer, but I need some help getting the shapes or meshes of these functions into Unity.

What I want to do:

1. Let students generate level pieces based on a linear function (f(x)=3x+2), quadratic function (f(x)=x²), or other functions that a player character could walk on the graph of.

2. OR... If that is not possible, to create meshes in the shape of the functions for the students to then transform within Unity to create "function-inspired" levels instead of directly using the functions in Unity.

3. OR... Students graph their functions on the computer, save the image, and then use Photoshop to create layers over it with the art for their level and import those as sprites. (But it just doesn't sound as impressive or mathematical as having Unity create or alter the pieces in-engine.)

Number 1 is my dream, 2 seems more doable, and 3 is my fallback option. I am at a loss on how to create parabola-shaped or other more complicated objects in Unity. Is this doable in Unity or is this a task for 3D modeling software?

What I need help with: If anyone could give me tips, resources, or just help me know where to look in the Unity documentation to accomplish this, it would be greatly appreciated. I have a minor in computer science and some programming experience. I am new to Unity and 3D modeling but I am willing to learn, I just need a little direction.

Example: Here is a piecewise graph incorporating some functions students might use to design their levels. Imagine a player character traversing terrain like this: https://www.desmos.com/calculator/mwmq4jacxm

Thank you.